Plant Growth Regulators

Plant Growth Regulators,  Refers To Natural Or Synthetic Substance influence The Growth And Development .Auxin -Both Natural Synthetic.

Conventionally Called Plant Harmones, These Substance Play Vital Role in Plant growth And Development.

As the plants require oxygen, water, sunlight, and nutrition to develop and grow, they do require certain chemical substances to manage their growth and development. These chemical substances are known as Plant Growth Regulators and are naturally produced by the plants itself.

These are simple organic molecules having several chemical compositions. They are also described as phytohormones, plant growth substances, or plant growth hormones.

They can accelerate as well as retard the rate of growth in plants.

Plants growth hormones or plant growth regulators exhibit the following characteristics:

        Seed Dormancy

 Differentiation and elongation of celles

 Formation of leaves, flowers, and stems.

        Wilting of leaves.

  Ripening of fruit.

Generally, there are five types of plant hormones, namely, auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid  and ethylene. In addition to these, there are more derivative compounds, both natural and synthetic, which also act as plant growth regulators.

Types of Plant Growth Regulators

Plant growth hormones or regulators are of the following types:

Plant Growth Promoters

             Plant Growth Inhibitors

Plant Growth Promoters

Auxins

Induce cell differentiation, cell division, and elongation

Auxins are a class of plant hormones that regulate plant growth and development in many ways

Growth, Phototropism, Geotropisam. rooting

Auxins are one of the most important plant hormones. The chief naturally occurring auxin is indole-3 acetic acid – IAA and other related compound

These plant growth regulators are generally produced at the points of stems and root.

Physiological Effect Of Auxin -Cell Division nd Elongation,Apical Domince, Root initiation, Respiration,callus Formation, Flowering

Functions of  Auxins

       Regulate xylem differentiation and assist in cell division

       Used in the process of plant propagation.

       Used by gardeners to keep lawns free from weeds.

    Regulate xylem differentiation and assist in cell division.

    Used to produce fruit without preceding fertilization.

    Promote natural detachment (abscission) of older leaves and fruits.

Gibberellins

        induce seed germination, cell division, elongation, and root growth.

            Gibberellins Are Plant Hormones that Promote Growth, Seed Germination Leaf Expansion

They occur At low Concentration Vegetative Tissues But At Higher Concentration In Germination seed. Gibberellins are an extensive chemical family based on the ent-gibberellin structure. The first gibberellin to be discovered was gibberellic acid.

Gibberellins are an extensive chemical family based on the ent-gibberellin structure.

 

         Functions of Gibberellins 

      Delay senescence in fruits.

      Involved in leaf expansion.

      Promote bolting in cabbages and beet.

      Facilitate elongation of fruits such as apples and enhance their shape

Cytokinins

Promot The Cell Division, Morphogenesis, lateral Bud Development. They help in the production of new leaves, lateral shoot growth, chloroplasts in leaves etc. They help in overcoming apical dominance and delay the aging of leaves

            Cytokinin Promote Cytokinesis

    Promotes cell division and apical dominance.

They are used to keep flowers fresh for a longer time.

Abscisic acid

Abscisic Acid Is a Plant Hormone ABA functions in many plant Development Processes, Including seed and Dormancy The Control of organ Size, And Stomatal Closure. Abscisic Acid helps the Plant To Survive During Unfavorable Conditions Environment .

 synthesized within the stem, leaves, fruits, and seeds of the plant. Mostly, abscisic acid serves as an antagonist to Gibberellic acid. It is also known as the stress hormone as it helps by increasing the tolerance to various types of stress.

Plant Growth Inhibitors

Abscisic acid

It is a growth inhibitor,  It was initially called dormant. Later, another compound abscisin-II was discovered and is commonly called as abscisic acid. This growth inhibitor is synthesized within the stem, leaves, fruits, and seeds of the plant. Mostly, abscisic acid serves as an antagonist to Gibberellic acid. It is also known as the stress hormone as it helps by increasing the tolerance to various types of stress.

Functions of Abscisic acid

Stimulates closing of stomata in the epidermis.

Helps in the maturation and development of seeds.

Inhibits plant metabolism and seed germination.

It is involved in regulating abscission and dormancy.

Ethylene

Ethylene is gaseous plant growth regulator, synthesized by most of the plant organs including ripening fruits and aging tissues. It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon having double covalent bonds between and adjacent to carbon atoms.

Ethylene is used as both plant growth promoters and plant growth inhibitors. Ethylene is synthesized by the ripening fruits and aging tissues.

Functions of Ethylene

Ethylene is the most widely used plant growth regulator as it helps in regulating many physiological processes.

                 Affects horizontal growth of seedlings and swelling.

                 Fruit Ripening.

     Organ Expansion

     Applied to rubber trees to stimulate the flow of latex.

     Facilitates senescence and abscission of both flowers and leaves.

Thus, we see how important plant hormones or plant growth regulators are in the growth and development of plants.

At krishibazaar.in, you can find and buy various agricultural products. For agricultural guidance on selecting the most suitable products for your crops, please contact or WhatsApp at +917887880887 https://tinyurl.com/2wbacm32

<